Rations and the modes of feeding the dogs
Based on the standards needs of dogs in the energy and
nutrients to make them fodder (food)
rations.
Feeding dogs diets is of great importance in
organization of nutrition as well as metabolism and
energy, and consequently, all functions of the organism in
significantly change under the influence not only
individual foods, but their combination in the diet.
Through proper selection and ratio of food
products, diet as a whole acquires a new quality,
have a positive effect on appetite, taste and
nutritional value of all incoming food in the diet. Therefore, dogs
recommended feeding foods not
individually and as part of the diet. The practice of feeding dogs
shows that the composition of the diet, selection of food and
their preparation for feeding, have a huge impact on
animal health.
Ration in full must meet the needs of
dogs in the energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, minerals
elements and vitamins.
Diet should be from food,
appropriate nature and liking dogs. Feed should be
included in the diet in such quantities, which would not
they experienced an adverse effect on the health of dogs.
Food should be chosen so that the diet
generally beneficial effect on digestion, so by
scope and content of dry matter diet should
match the capacity of the alimentary canal
the body of dogs and dog's ability to digest and
nutrient absorption of food.
Lack of fulfillment, just as
congestion in the gastrointestinal tract, adversely
reflected in its motor and secretory activity and
the general condition of the dog.
Rations should be of a variety of food
products may be more attractive and tasty for
dogs. Such food is readily eaten, causes intense
secretion of digestive glands, are generally more fully and
nutritious better assimilated by the dogs. What
such a diet?
Diet - a daily collection of food
satisfying the physiological needs of dogs in the norm
nutrients.
In compiling the daily diet is necessary, first
turn, determine the amount of energy, protein, fat,
carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins that
need a dog for life, by sex, age,
physiological state of the work load) and
etc. Then pick up a variety of foods or
canned food for their inclusion in the diet that the food in general
satisfy the need for dogs in nutrients.
In the selection of foods should be taken into
attention to a rough structure diet as a percentage of
daily dog needs for energy. Approximate structure
diet of adult dogs as follows:
+------------------------------------------------+
| Meat | 70% (average 30%) |
| Offal | 30% (average 15%) |
| Cereals, bread | 70% (mean 45%) |
| Vegetables, root-| |
| Tuber | 10% (average 5%) |
| Milk | to 5% (average of 3%) |
| Fish | 5% (average 2%) |
| | |
+------------------------------------------------+
Dog eat food (food) in different
quantities, depending on their chemical composition,
taste, physical and other properties. There is
dependence and the age, body mass (magnitude)
rock, digestive capacity and functional
of the dog.
Sometimes growing dogs require more food than
adult, with the same with her weight. For example,
4-month puppy labrador weighing 18 kg needs to be
twice the rate of food adult bull terrier with the same mass
body.
On the need for food is influenced by such
factors such as degree of activity of the dog, the temperature
ambient air, etc. For example, a working or herding
hunting dog that runs around all day and at night sleeps in
Cold kennel requires 50% more food (split
two feeding) than to end a running career
Greyhound, which is the whole day sleeping.
At times, depending on external factors need
in the diet of dogs is also changing. For example, a dog in season
"Dog weddings" can significantly reduce the palatability
food: a sensitive dog every room and decorative
species always decreases the need for food, if the family
any grief or strife guard dog, aware of her
responsibility almost always consumes less food if
house painters working in the garden or crowded by strangers.
If the dog's diet will satisfy the need for
nutrients, the dog loses weight, becomes weak, it
disturbed reproductive function, delayed growth,
development, it is easier to subject to various
diseases. Overfeed your dog, too, is not recommended.
Excess food causes obesity in dogs, reducing the
fertility health.
Thus, even for dogs of one breed, one
size and weight can not recommend the same
the amount of food in the daily diet. Metabolism in dogs
different, so on the same diet of one dog
will lose weight, the other - gorging, and a third are normal,
despite the fact that they are the same breed, sex and similar body weight.
The volume of daily ration depends on the consistency of food.
When feeding the dogs on diets with a moisture content of 60-75%
takes on average to give 45 g of food when feeding on
rations with a moisture content of 8-10% of dogs in the middle
fed 28 g food per 1 kg body weight per day.
In the selection of foods in the diet can
enjoy the scale of substitutability of some forages. Thus,
instead of 100g of meat a dog can give 80g of the heart, lungs 150g,
150g tripe, intestines 200g, 50g of meat and bone or fish meal
80g dried fish, 150g of milk, 80g fat, or 150g
nonfat cottage cheese, 300g skimmed. Instead of 100g oats
cereals and bread can be given 150g, 300g boiled potatoes is
100g crackers (biscuits).
Sample diets of adult dogs in a period of rest
(Outside of reproduction):
Dog weighing 10kg requires energy 3200kDzh,
Protein - 45g, Fat - 13g, starch + sugar - 93g, fiber
- 8g, Calcium - 2.0, the P - 2,2 g, Vitamin A - 1000 IU,
Vitamin D - 70 IU per day.
This food ration fed to dogs in a thick
soup and liquid meals. Food should be a little lukewarm
(Temperature 30-35C).
When feeding wet canned dog should be the same
give 450g canned 1mg videina, 1 drop of retinol and 1
capsule of vitamin per day.
To meet this demand for nutrients
Substances dog needs in the daily diet
give:
+--------------------------------------+
| Meat (beef) | 180g |
| Krupa (oatmeal, etc.) | 100g |
| Potatoes and Vegetables | 110g |
| Bone meal | 10d |
| Salt | 4g |
| Sugar | 10d |
| Kapsuvit | 8mg |
| Trivitamin | 1 drop |
+--------------------------------------+
English sobakozavodchiki recommend feeding adult
dogs outside the breeding season, a standard diet,
which is calculated on average for a dog weighing 10kg.
The standard daily diet consists of the following
Food:
+-------------------------------------+
| Meat cooked or raw | 250g |
| Bread or cereals | 100g |
| Bone meal | 1 teaspoon |
| Fish oil or | |
| Liquid multivitamin | 1 drop |
+-------------------------------------+
For dogs with a weight standard diet
increase. For example, a dog weighing 15 kg, give
1.5 (half) ration, 20 kg - 2 diet, etc.
For adult dogs, vegetarian recommend the following
standard diet: cooked vegetables, chopped (in a blender) with
small amount of milk until a semisolid mass
- 2 cups, cooked hard-boiled egg, vegetable oil - 2
teaspoons, nutritional yeast - 1 tbsp per day. The ration
add the bread, cereal, cheese, soya beans in the number of
Depending on the weight of the dog's body.
Controlled properly drawn rations is
fatness and weight change dogs. Feeding
considered normal if a dog has an average fatness
and a constant body weight. If the dog loses weight, then feed
lacking. If the dog zhireet - should the diet
reduced.
Feeding in which adult dog does not change the mass
and body fatness, showing no signs of disturbances
appetite, metabolism, reproductive capacity and
Health is considered complete.
Appetite of a dog is one of the main indicators
well-being. Appetite loss or periodic "whims"
Dogs are among the early signs of metabolic
substances in the body and health deterioration on the ground
improperly diets and malnutrition.
If the dog refuses to eat, you must check the quality of
feed, and if necessary, change the composition of the diet or
improve the preparation of food to feeding. If your dog
loss of appetite for another reason, follow the rule: let
eating smaller, but more often, and divide the daily ration of 3-4
times. The dog must, if possible, eat as much
as necessary to maintain its body weight.
Indicators for monitoring the diet are not only
the appearance of pronounced disease dogs, but cases
digestive disorders, changes in the function
cardiovascular and respiratory systems, changes
appearance, start and end dates moulting difficulties
when standing up, etc.
The dog, which are fed by well-formed
diet, full of energy and cheerfulness, her glossy
hair and sparkling eyes. Phlegm, weakness in
walks and an unwillingness to run in the absence of
clear of the disease are the result of overfeeding.
In order to monitor the health of dogs,
veterinary laboratories carry out biochemical
blood and urine tests.
On blood parameters determine the changes in content
protein and hemoglobin. Deviations from the physiological norm
evidence of violations of the protein diet. In addition,
to detect violations of protein supply on the basis of
improper diet in urine determine total nitrogen, nitrogen
urea nitrogen, ammonia, nitrogen, amino acids that make lyapistuyu
sample and the response to pH. The increase of total nitrogen in urine
indicates a deterioration in its assimilation in the body in connection with
poor-quality food proteins. Excess protein in the diet leads
to the high content of urea in the urine. When
unsatisfactory quality of the protein increases the number of
amino nitrogen in the urine. With a lack of protein in the diet decreases
nitrogen content of the handicap of urea and an increasing number of
nitrogen of purine bases. If you have any deep
disorders of protein metabolism and the appearance of appreciable amounts of
histamine in the urine of a silver nitrate test becomes positive
(Black precipitate). Violation of protein dog food
generally indicates the presence of protein in the urine.
The tendency to a breach of mineral nutrition of dogs can be
discern from the change in reserve alkalinity of the blood. About
state of mineral metabolism are judged by the level of calcium
phosphorus potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine and other elements in the blood.
Of carbohydrate and fat diet dogs are judged by
blood sugar, lipids, ketone bodies, etc.
About vitamins nutrition is judged by the presence of vitamins in
blood. For example, a gradual reduction of carotene in the blood
it means lack of food, while low
vitamin A levels testifies to its small holdings in
organism.
The health status of dogs depends not only on the composition
diet, but also on compliance with diet.
Under the regime of power to understand the time and number of feedings, and
quantitative and qualitative distribution of food in
during the day.
Proper diet ensures a high
digestibility and nutrient absorption of food ration
and good condition of the body dogs.
Crucial in the diet has feeding
a fixed time, so are
intervals between meals, which
necessary for the formation of a conditioned reflex to time. In
Therefore, by the time the next feeding
digestive tract is quite prepared to
meals, and at this time stands out delicious, or as
it is called, the glow juice. Feeding unidentified
hours leads to the fact that little dog reacted to the country
food. Revealing in that regard the following experience: if
sleeping dogs lie quietly for her to invest through the fistula in
stomach the bread and egg whites, this food can
long time to lie in the stomach without being subjected to
digestive juices.
No less important for proper nutrition of dogs
is the number of feedings per day. For example, in the period
breeding (mating, pregnancy, lactation, etc.) the dog
must have their food at least 3-4 times a day, in a state
the rest (outside the breeding season) - 2-3. Puppies need to
to feed at least 5 times have per day. Must not reduce
number of feedings, since the digestive tract will be
loaded a large amount of feed, which leads to
indigestion.
Is essential and weight distribution
food intake during the day. Thus, in the summer time
4-fold more correct feeding ration distributed
as follows: 6 am to 25% of the daily
diet in 12 hours. - 20% in 16 hours. - 20% in 19 hours. -
35%. At 3.2 times the best time for feeding
ground feeding is noon. With 3-fold
feeding in the morning and give 20% of food at noon - 40%
night - 40% at 2-fold feeding - the first feeding
give 40 second - 60% of the daily food ration. Can not
drastically change the diet. The transition from one diet to
another should be gradual. For example, translate
dog with a liquid food to be dry during the 3
weeks. In this case, the first time the dog will allocate
large amount of excrement.
If fresh food the dog is transferred from the traditional
ration of the finished feed, for example, "Pedigree" or "Chappy", then
this dog poop train should also gradually.
It is best to do it, podmeshivaya new fodder to the usual
Nutrition should not move abruptly from one type of food on
another.
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